Yuri Gagarin – the first human in space. Biography, preparation of the cosmonaut team, the historic flight on April 12, 1961, triumph, and worldwide recognition.

This article presents a comprehensive biography of Sir Isaac Newton, one of the most influential scientists in human history whose work fundamentally transformed humanity's understanding of the physical universe. Based on analysis of historical documents, scientific treatises, and biographical accounts, this article reconstructs Newton's trajectory from a solitary Cambridge scholar to President of the Royal Society and Master of the Mint. Particular attention is devoted to his groundbreaking contributions to physics, mathematics, optics, and astronomy, as well as his lesser-known pursuits in alchemy, theology, and chronology. The complex personality of Newton—secretive, intensely focused, and intellectually relentless—emerges as inseparable from the revolutionary ideas that laid the foundation for classical mechanics and dominated scientific thought for three centuries.

The Russell-Einstein Manifesto

Russian writers and Charles Dickens

A. I. Herzen and England

Phenology of spring

Environmental algorithm for summer sports

Botanical gardens as centers of aesthetics

Domestic animals in the United Kingdom

Alpine clubs as communities of intellectuals

European reception of the Eastern calendar and Chinese New Year

Cybersport

Innovations in Olympic rituals

Religious identity and the Olympic Games